I am an assistant professor at Hitotsubashi University. I study international security and political violence using leader-centric approaches. My research spans a wide range of contexts, from war and succession institutions in ancient China (771–221 BCE), to rebel fragmentation and political violence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), to negotiations among NBA general managers under the pressure of a trade deadline. Despite this breadth, my work is unified by core theoretical interests such as the bargaining theory of war and principal-agent problems.
Broadly speaking, my research is driven by three central questions: What are the origins of formal and informal institutions? How do institutions shape interactions between leaders and elites in conflict settings? And how do leaders build or rebuild institutions and thereby make the state? To answer these questions, I collect original datasets on leaders and wars (particularly in ancient China), develop game-theoretic models, and design observational studies to approximate randomized trials. My work has been published or is forthcoming in International Studies Quarterly, among others.
PhD in Government, 2024
University of Texas at Austin
MA International Public Affairs, 2016
University of Wisconsin-Madison
BA in International Relations, 2014
Peking University
Identifying a clear relationship between rebel group structures and the use of violence faces the challenge that group structures rarely change over time. We exploit the analytical advantage provided by religious holidays to address this issue using the principal-agent framework. Religious holidays serve as a focal point and reduce group coordination costs, but also raise the societal costs of violence. We argue the principal of rebel groups is more sensitive to the increased societal costs than the agents and thereby attempts to restrain the agents from attacking during religious holidays. However, the extent to which these attempts are successful depends on the group’s institutionalization level. We test the theory by first conducting microlevel analysis of Islamic separatist groups in three Southeast Asian countries and then analyzing a cross-sectional sample of Islamic rebel groups. Results show that highly institutionalized groups that have a central command system and control over constituent groups are less likely to attack during long religious holidays than on other days, and vice versa for weakly institutionalized groups.
This paper examines how informal institutions shape political stability in autocratic regimes by analyzing succession norms in ancient China. We argue that the institutionalization of vertical succession norms (VSNs)—which limit legitimate successors to the monarch’s sons—narrows the candidate pool and facilitates elite coordination in selecting the successor. Using an original dataset of 358 monarchs from 17 states during the Spring-Autumn and Warring States eras (771–221 BCE), we find that VSN institutionalization reduces the likelihood of elite-led deposition. To address endogeneity, we conduct a sub-sample analysis that restricts comparisons to monarchs who inherit personal power from their predecessors and employ an instrumental variable approach based on ancestral distance to royal lineages. We also show that VSNs mitigate the destabilizing effects of elite competition. Our findings contribute to the literature on authoritarian survival and informal institutions by demonstrating that succession rules can promote political stability even before they are codified.
HHow does leadership turnover affect international conflict? We propose a new theory emphasizing the domestic constraints of new leaders. Leadership turnover results in successors who, regardless of their absolute strength, initially face a period of relative political vulnerability. We argue that new leaders prioritize consolidating power—through repression, co-optation, and reforms—before engaging in external conflict. Using a novel dataset of wars and rulers in 17 states during the Spring-Autumn and Warring States eras (771–221 BCE) of ancient China, we leverage exogenous variation in leadership turnover induced by rulers' natural deaths. We find that leadership turnover decreases the likelihood of initiating interstate wars. To further substantiate our theory, we present both empirical and anecdotal evidence of power consolidation strategies during leaders' early tenure. Our findings contribute to debates on the diversionary use of force and the broader role of domestic politics in shaping international conflict.
Game Theory in International Politics, Spring 2024, 2025
Domestic Politics and International Relations, Fall 2024, 2025
Statistical Analysis in Political Science, Spring 2023